THE UN AND HUMAN RIGHTS【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Introduction1

Origins of this project2

Scope and content8

Post-scriptum on the politics of footnoting11

1 Concepts and definitions12

Introduction12

International organisations13

Definition of international organisations14

History of international organisations19

The concept of autonomy and international organisations32

International human rights law34

Humanitarianism36

The struggle to end the slave trade and the origins of modern international humanitarianism37

Humanitarianism and human rights51

Accountability52

2 Human rights obligations of international organisations55

Introduction55

The meaning of institutional practice57

International legal personality58

Autonomy and personality58

Legal personality in international decisions63

Are there obligations that flow automatically from international legal personality?70

Redressing the 'rights-bias'of international legal personality72

Obligations arising under the constituent instrument73

Express obligations74

Implied obligations75

Obligations arising under institutional acts82

The effects of the human rights obligations of member states86

Conclusion88

3 International institutional responsibility91

Introduction91

Conceptual issues93

Wrongful act and breach97

Attribution99

The general rule99

Attribution under Article 6103

Attribution of conduct in the international administration of territory122

Attribution of ultra vires conduct125

Derivative responsibility127

Responsibility of the international organisation in connection with the act of a state or another international organisation127

Responsibility of the state in connection with the act of an international organisation129

Complicity135

Circumstances precluding wrongfulness137

Content of responsibility139

Implementation of responsibility141

Conclusion142

4 UN relief and development operations144

Introduction144

International law and humanitarian assistance148

The Responsibility to Protect151

The consent of the host state153

A right to humanitarian assistance?159

UN resolutions161

The distinction between natural and man-made disasters163

Neutrality and impartiality164

The breach of the principle of non-discrimination in the provision of humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan and to Afghan refugees in Pakistan169

The history of relief to Afghanistan169

The practice of the political organs of the UN173

The other two levels of organisational practice:bureaucratic practice and actual conduct181

Conclusion191

5 UN peacekeeping operations196

Introduction196

The question of command and control199

Applicable law202

Principles and rules of general applicability202

Mission-specific obligations208

Scope for abuse214

Sexual abuse and exploitation215

Right to life, freedom from torture and arbitrary detentions218

Failure to prevent genocide221

Enforcement of international obligations223

Domestic and international criminal law223

Private third-party claims224

Limitations on UN liability226

Conclusion228

6 International administrations230

Introduction230

Definition and typology232

The legality of international administrations239

Violations of human rights in dejure international administrations241

Bosnia and Herzegovina244

East Timor254

Kosovo256

Conclusion: benign autocracies or international leviathans?267

Violation of human rights in de facto international administrations269

The administrative structure of refugee camps:'perfect city' representations and dystopian realities270

Human rights in refugee camps281

Conclusion298

7 Implementation of UN sanctions300

Introduction300

The development of UN sanctions over the years302

The legality of sanctions304

Sanctions and human rights306

Comprehensive sanctions306

Targeted sanctions311

Case law315

Conclusion319

8 Accountability320

Introduction320

Political and administrative controls321

Control and oversight under the Charter321

The reports of the Secretary General323

Investigations and inquiries326

General administrative oversight329

Semi-judicial administrative processes332

An assessment334

Control by member states336

Judicial control343

The review of the acts of the Security Council345

The problem of immunity351

The doctrine of equivalent protection359

Equivalent protection in England372

A role for NGOs?386

Conclusion391

Conclusions394

Bibliography398

Index429